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A Few Swedish Math Words
Introduction
Augustana College is home of the largest undergraduate program in
Swedish outside of Sweden. Every year Augustana has several students from
Sweden, and this year one of them, Krister Boëthius (Han kommer från
Göteborg.) was kind enough to loan me one of his math books in Swedish.
The book is Studium matematik NT3 by Nyman, Emanuelsson, Bergman,
and Bergström. His book provided the impetus I needed to construct
the following little list of Swedish math words.
I have only indicated forms I have actually found in Swedish. Hence
there are many forms which I have not included. My intention was to include,
for nouns, indefinite singular (with article), definite singular, and (indefinite)
plural; for verbs, infinitive and present tense; and for adjectives whichever
forms I ran across. (We hadn't talked about adjectives in my Swedish class
when I wrote this, so I didn't really know what the forms were.) In English
I only wrote the singular form of a noun, without an article.
I did not look any of these words up in a dictionary, and my indication
of their meaning must therefore be taken as an amateur opinion. The English
meaning is one which works in the mathematical context in which I found
the word. I almost always understood the mathematical intention, and hence
I am moderately confident about my proposed equivalent expressions in English.
I often consulted my colleagues in the math department for help in determining
customary English usage, especially with words in geometry and probability
and statistics. When a single English word seemed inadequate or ambiguous,
I have tried to include a short phrase. Occasionally a word seemed to be
a close cognate and I indicated an English equivalent on what would otherwise
have been rather skimpy evidence.
Swedish seems conducive for the creation of long compound words. I have
included many of these, even though they seem somewhat redundant to English
ears, because they do represent the correct Swedish way of writing mathematics.
I have also included some longer expressions to illustrate the use of prepositions
as these are especially difficult. Finally, where I have found notation
which is at odds with standard American notation I noted the differences.
Finally, I have included page references for a few words in square brackets.
Word List
, absolutbeloppet, absolutbelopp, absolutbeloppen - modulus, (pl moduli)
as in the modulus of a complex number (absolute value), or norm, as is
the norm of a vector [NEBB 222]
acceleration - acceleration
accelerationsvektorn - acceleration vector
att addera, adderade - add
en addition, , additioner - addition
algebraisk - algebraic, as in an algebraic equation
algebrans fundamentalsats - the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra
allmänna - general
en allmän lösning - general solution
alltså - also, likewise [NEBB 182]
amplitud - amplitude
andra - second, as in second order
andraderivatan - second derivative
andragradsekvationer - second degree equations
andragradspolynom - second degree polynomial
antag att - suppose, suppose that
antal, antalet, antalen - number, as in the number of occurences [NEBB
42]
antigen ... eller ... - either ... or
approximerande - approximating
approximation, approximationen, - approximation
en area, arean, areor - area
areanheter - units of area when the area doesn't have units (such as
square meters) [NEBB 126]
ett argument, argumentet, - argument, as in the argument of a complex
number
aritmetiska - arithmetic
associativa - associative
asymptoter - aysmptote
avståndet - distance
avtagande - decreasing
axel - axis
, , axiom - axiom
bas - base, as in the base of the natural log
basvektorer - base vectors [NEBB 221] Apparently we would call these
a basis.
basyta, basytan, basytor - base, as in the base of the cone
begränsad - bounded
begränsningsyta, , begränsningsytor - boundary surface
begynnelsevillkoren - intitial conditions
beräkna - compute
bestäm - find, as in find the function; determine
betecknas - be (is, are) written
beteckningar - notation?
beteckningssättet - notation?
betingade - conditional, as in conditional probability
bevis - proof [NEBB 227]
bevisa - derive (show), prove
ett binom - [NEBB 204] binomial (noun)
binomialfördelad - binomial, as in a binomial random variable [NEBB
178] (check this!)
en binomialfördelning, binomialfördelningen - binomial distribution,
as in a random variable may have a binomial distribution
binomialkoefficienten, binomialkoefficienter - binomial coefficient
binomialstasen - the Binomial Theorem
binära - binary
brännpunkter - focus point, foci [NEBB 238]
buktig, buktiga - curved? [NEBB 28, 32]
en cirkel, cirkeln, cirklar - circle
cosinus - cosine
cosinussatsen - the law of cosines [NEBB 226]
en cylinder, , cylindrar - cylinder
de Moivres formel - DeMoivre's formula
en decimal, , decimaler - decimal place
decimalutvecklingen - decimal expansion
definiera - define
definierad - defined
definition, definitionen, definitioner - definition
definitionsmängd - domain, as in the domain of a function [NEBB
78]
delbar med, delbart med - divisible by [NEBB 82, 94]
ett delintervall, delintervallet, delintervall, delintervallen - subinterval
[NEBB 8, 30, 156]
delmängd - subset
en delsumma, delsumman, delsummor - partial sum
en derivata, derivatan, derivator - derivative
deriveringsregel, , deriveringsregler - derivative formulas, formulas
for derivatives
att derivera, deriverar - differentiate, take the derivative
deriverbar - differentiable
diagonal, diagonalen - diagonal (noun)
diameter, diametern - diameter
differens, differensen, - difference (subtraction)
en differentialekvation, differentialekvationen, differentialekvationer
- differential equation
diskontinuerlig - discontinuous
diskontinuitetspunkter - points of discontinuity
diskreta - discrete
distributiva - distributive
divergent - divergent
att dividera, dividerar, dividerade - divide
en division, , divisioner - division
dodekaeder - dodecahedron
dubbelroten - repeated root
därför - therefore [NEBB 40]
eftersom - whenever ? [NEBB 233]; We have [NEBB 143, 188]
egenskap, egenskaper - property, fact? [NEBB 5]
en ekvation, ekvationen, ekvationer - equation
ekvationssytem, ekvationssystemet - system of equations
ekvivalensen - equivalence [NEBB 225]
ekvivalent, ekvivalenta - equivalent [NEBB 135, 235]
elementära - elementary, as in the elementary functions
eliminera, eliminerar - eliminate, as in eliminate the parameter t
from the equations
en ellips, ellipsen, ellipser - ellipse
enda - single
endast - only
enhetsvektorer - unit vectors [NEBB 222, 226]
en etta - a one [NEBB 167]
ettan - identity, in particular cos2x + sin2x
= 1
Eulers formler - Euler's formula. Euler had so many formulas, it's almost
absurd to speak of an 'Euler's formula' in the singular. This one refers
to eis=cos x + i sin x. [NEBB 77]
Eulers metod - Euler's method
exacta - exact
exempel, exemplet, exempel, exemplen - example
existerar - exist
existerar ej - doesn't exist [NEBB 98]
exponent, exponenten, - exponent
en exponentialfunktion, exponentialfucktionen - exponential function
en faktor, faktorn, faktorer - factor (noun)
faktorsatsen - the Factor Theorem
faskonstant - phase, phase shift. However, in r sin(ax+b),
b is called the faskonstant while in English one must look at the
equivalent expression r sin(a(x+b/a))
and we would call -b/a the phase. [NEBB 145]
figur, figuren - figure (diagram)
formen - form (an equation of the form)
en formel, formeln, formler - (formula), identity, as in a trig identity
frekvensen - frequency
en frekvensfunktion, frekvensfunktionen, frekvensfunktioner - density
function [NEBB 176, 183, 205], as in the probability density function.
In the discrete case one might simply say 'the probability function,' especially
at lower levels of mathematics.
en funktion, funktionen, funktioner - function
en funktionsserie, , funktionsserier - infinite series. Commonly, any
sum of infinitely many terms is called an infinite series, or even just
a series. This seems to be the case in Swedish, too. [NEBB 104]
funktionsvärdena - function values [NEBB 105]
en fyrhörning - quadrilateral [NEBB 220]
fördelningsfunktionen - distribution function [NEBB 186], often
called the cumulative distriubution. The terms 'distribution' and 'density'
are not interchangable. However, a random variable may have a normal distribution,
that is, it may be normally distributed, or it may have a normal density
function because in such cases it actually has both. Strictly speaking,
it's the density functions which have means and medians, but I think one
also can say 'the mean of the distribution.'
gemensam punkt - point in common
gemensamt - in common
en generaliserad integral, , generaliserade integraler - improper integral
en generalisering - generalization
en generatris, , generatriser - generator (generating line)
geometrisk, geometriska - geometric
godtycklig, godtyckligt, godtyckliga - arbitrary [NEBB 75, 79]
en grad, graden - degree, as in the degree of a polynomial
grafen, grafer - graph (noun)
, , grundbegrepp - basic term
, , grundsatser - postulate
ett grundtal - cardinal number, such as one, two
gränsvektor - vector limit [NEBB 239]
gränsvärde, gränsvärdet, gränsvärden -
limit
gäller - I couldn't quite figure out this word.
halvaxlar - semi-axes [NEBB 238] We usually refer to the semi-major
and semi-minor axes of an ellipse, but NT3 did not distinguish these.
en halvcirkel - semicircle [NEBB 237]
harmoniska - harmonic, as in harmonic series
hastighet - velocity
hastighetsvektorn - velcoity vector
hela - whole, as in whole number
heltal, heltalet - integer [NEBB 77]
heltaliga - integer (adjective)
hexaeder - six-sided polyhedron
ett histogram, histogrammet - histogram
homogen, homogena - homogeneous
en händelse, händelsen, händelser - event (as in probability
theory)
höjd, höjden, - height
ett hörn, hörnet, hörn, hörnen - vertex, vertices
[NEBB 229]
icke-homogena - inhomogeneous, non-homogeneous
icke-reelt - not real, as in not a real number
ikosaeder - icosahedron
imaginära - imaginary, as in imaginary number
imaginära enheten - imaginary unit? (i)
imaginärdelen - imaginary part, as in the imaginary part of a real
number
index - index, subscript [NEBB 201]
indicerad - indexed [NEBB 201]
inflexionspunkt, inflexionspunkter - inflection point
insättning - evaluating [NEBB 106]; plugging [into, NEBB 138]
integral, integralen, integraler - integral (definite integral)
integrand - integrand
integration - integration
integrationsgräns, , integrationsgränser - limits of integration
integrationsintervallet - interval of integration
ett intervall, intervallet - interval
intervallbeteckningar - interval notation
intervallskattning - ? [NEBB 195]
inträffat - given, as in A given B [NEBB 55]
irrationellt - irrational
iteration - iteration
jämna - even, as in an even integer
en kalott - zone (The term 'zone' is used for the spherical part of
both the boundary of a spherical segment of one base and the boundary of
a spherical segment of two bases.)
kant, kanten, kanter - edge
kantlängden - the length of an edge
karakteristiska ekvation, karakteristiska ekvationen, - characteristic
equation
kedjeregeln - chain rule
ett klot, klotet, - sphere (volume)
, , klotsegment - spherical segment of one base (not frequently used)
en klotsektor - sector (of a sphere) 'Sector' can also refer to the
volume of that part of the interior of a sphere which lies between two
cones with common vertex at the center of the sphere.
en klotskiva - spherical segment of two bases
en klotyta - sphere (surface) Customary usage in English is often sloppy,
but mathematicians agree that a sphere does not include any points on the
inside, but rather only points on the surface. One says 'the volume of
the sphere' as a shortcut for the accurate expression 'the volume bounded
by the sphere.'
koefficienter - coefficient
en kombination, , kombinationer - combination
kombinatorik - combinatorics
kombinatorisk - combinatorial
kommututiva - commutative
komplementhändelsen - complementary event (complement)
komplex - complex, as in complex number
ett komplext plan - the complex plane
ett komplext tal, , komplexa tal - complex number
en komplexvärd funktion, komplexvärda funktioner - complex-valued
functions
komponenter - component (its a scalar), as in a component of a vector
[NEBB 221]
komponentform - component form [NEBB 223]
komposanter - projection (its a vector) We don't really have a good
word for this, and might just say 'part.'
en kon - cone (including the base)
konfidensgrad - degree of confidence [NEBB 197]
ett konfindsintervall - confidence interval [NEBB 197]
kongruenta - congruent
en konisk yta - cone (surface in 3)
konjugatet - conjugate, complex conjugate [NEBB 64]
konjugerade complexa talet - the complex conjugate
en konstant, konstanten, konstanter - constant
konstant, konstanta - constant (adjective)
kontinuerlig, kontinuerliga - continuous
kontrollera - check (verb), as in check your answers
konvergent, konvergenta - convergent
konvergerar - converge
koordinater - coordinate
koordinataxlar - coordinate axes
koordinatform - coordinate form [NEBB 229]
koordinatplanen - coordinate planes
koordinatsystem, koordinatsystemet - coordinate system
kordan - cord
korsar - are skew, as in skew lines [NEBB 21]
kring - about, as in rotated about the x-axis
en kropp - solid, as in the solid bounded by (not an adjective)
en kub, kuben - cube
en kurva, kurvan, kurvor - curve
kvadraten - square, as in the square of a real number
kvadraten - square, as in a square has four sides [NEBB 229]
en kvadratisk - quadrilateral
kvadratkompletterar - complete the square [NEBB 236]
kravdratkomplettering - completing the square
kvadratroten - square root
en kvot, kvoten - quotient; (in a geometric series) common ratio [NEBB
102]
lagen - law, as in the distributive law [NEBB 172, 215]
, , leden - side, as in the left side of an equation
lika - equal [NEBB 214]
likhet, likheten, likheter - identity [NEBB 65, 75, 95?], equation [NEBB
157]
liksidig - equilateral
lillaxel, lillaxeln - minor axis, as in the minor axis of an ellipse
en linje, linjen, linjer - line
linjär - linear
logaritm, logaritmer - logarithm
låt - let
längd, längden, längder - length; for vectors one also
says 'magnitude' or 'modulus' or 'norm' [NEBB 212]
lös, lösa [NEBB 142], löser, löst [NEBB 141] - solve
lösning, lösningen, lösningar - solution
en lösningskurva, lösningskurvan, lösningskurvor - solution
curves
Maclaurins formel - Maclaurin's formula
Maclaurinserien, Maclaurinserier - Maclaurin series
mantelytan - side of a cylinder (not either end)
matematik - mathematics
en matematikkurs, matematickursen - a mathematics course
ett material, materialet, - sample [NEBB 193, 195], as in the standard
deviation of the sample
maximala - maximum (adjective)
maximipunkt - maximum point
maximivärdet - maximum value [NEBB 188]
maximum, maxima - maximum
medelpunkt, medelpunkten - center (point of a circle)
medelpunktsvinkeln - angle from the center (of a circle)
medelvärdessatsen - the mean value theorem
medelvärde, medelvärdet - average, sample mean [NEBB 193]
en median, , medianer - median, as in a median of a triangle
medianen - median, as in the median age
mellan - between
mellanliggande - lying between them
mer än - more than
en metod - method
minimipunkt - minimum point
minimum, minima - minimum
en minnessiffra, , minnessiffror - carry digits [TU 18]
minst - at least
minsta - smallest
ett minustecken, minustecknet - minus sign
mittpunkt, mittpunkter - mid-point
mittpunktsformeln - midpoint rule (a method of numerical integration)
motivera - motivate
motsatta - opposite, as in vectors in opposite directions
motstående - opposite, as in opposite vertices in a parallelogram
[NEBB 224]
motsvarande - corresponding
motsvarar - corresponds to [NEBB 73]; svarar mot?
multiplicera, multiplicerar - multiply
en multiplikation, , multiplikationer - multiplication
multiplikationsprincipen - the multiplication principle (in combinatorics)
möjligheter - possibilities
negativ, negativt, negativa - negative
n-fakultet - n factorial
en nolla - a zero [NEBB 167]
ett nollställe - zero, root [NEBB 82]
nollvektorn - the zero vector
normalfördelad - normal distribution [NEBB 188]
en normal, normalen, normaler - normal (perpendicular, noun), as in
a normal line; in English one says either 'the normal line to the plane'
and 'the normal to the plane'
normal, normala - (adjective) normal, as in a normal probability density
function [NEBB 186]
ett normalplan - a normal plane
en normalvektor, normalvektorn - normal vector
numerisk - numerical
numren - numbers
en nämnare, nämnaren, nämnar - denominator [NEBB 66],
divisor [TU 22]
ett närmevärde, , närmevärden - approximation
obegränsade - unbounded [NEBB 126]
obekant - unknown [NEBB 137]
oberoende - independent, as in independent events
obestämda integralen, obestämda integraler - indefinite integral
oktaeder - octohedron
olikheter - inequality
om och endast om - if and only if
om ... så ... - if ... then ...
omflyttning - rearrangement [NEBB 123]
en omgivning, omgivningen, - neighborhood? [NEBB 105]
ett område, områden - region
omöjliga - impossilbe, as in the empty set is an impossible event
en ordning, ordningen - order, as in second order approximation or the
order of a differential equation
ett ordningstal - ordinal number, such as first, second
origo - origin, the point (0,0) or (0,0,0)
ortogonal, ortogonala - orthogonal [NEBB 225]
ortonormerad, ortonormerat - orthonormal [NEBB 222]
ortonormerad bas - orthonormal basis
ortsvektor, ortsvektorn, ortsvektorer - position vector [NEBB 219]
oändligt - infinite
oändligt många - infinitely many
en parabel, parabeln - parabola
parabelbåge - part of a parabola [NEBB 235]
parallell, parallella - parallel
parallellepiped - parallelepiped
parallellförskjuta - translate, as in translate the curve to the
left
parallellförflyttar - translate, (translate as a parallel displacement)
[NEBB 215]
en parallellogram, , parallellogrammer - parallelogram
parameter, parametern, parametrar - parameter
parameterframställning, parameterframställningen - parametric
form [NEBB 229]
parametervärdena - the values of the parameter [NEBB 240]
parentesen - parenthesis
en partikulärlösning, partikulärlösningen, - particular
solution
partiell integration - integration by parts
Pascals triangel - Pascal's triangle
periodiska - periodic
en permutation, permutationen, permutationer - permutation
ett plan, planet, plan, planen - plane
plana - plane (adjective)
Platons kroppar - Platonic solids
ett plustecken, plustecknet, plustecken, - plus sign
en polyeder, , polyedrar - polyhedron
polygonytor - polygon
ett polynom, polynomet, - polynomial
en polynomfunktion, , polynomfunktioner - polynomial function
polär form - polar form, as in the polar form of a complex number
positiva - positive
en potensekvation, , potensekvationer - xa=b
en potensfunktion, , potensfunktioner - power function (cxa)
en primitiv funcktion, , primitiva funcktioner - antiderivative
ett prisma, prismat, prismor - prism
problemet - problem (noun)
en produkt, produkten, produkter - product (noun)
, , producktformler - product formula (these are trig identities)
projektionen - projection
proportionell, proportionellt - proportional
proportionalitetskonstanten - constant of proportionality [NEBB 135]
pseudoslumptal - pseudo random number [NEBB 199]
en punkt, punkten, punkter - point
, , punktmängder - set of points
punktskanttning - ? [NEBB195]
en pyramid, pyramiden, - pryamid
radian, radianer - radian
radie, radien - radius
en rak cirkulär cylinder - right circular cylinder
en rak cirkulär kon - right circular cone
randvillkoren - boundary values (end point conditions)
rationellt, rationella - rational, as in a rational number
realdelen - real part, as in the real part of a complex number
reellt, reella - real, as in a real number or real numbers
, regeln, regler - rule [NEBB 63]
regelbunden, regelbundet, regelbunda - regular, as in a regular prism
regelbunden polyeder - regular polyhedron, Platonic solid.
en rektangel, rektangeln - rectangle
en rektangelsida - side of a rectangle
relativ frekvens, relativ frekvensen, - relative frequency
rent - purely, as in purely imaginary; (sometimes just imaginary). A
complex number with non-zero real part would never be called imaginary.
en rest, resten - remainder
resttermen - remainder (of a series), remainder term, [NEBB 107]
resultat, resultatet, resultaten - result (noun)
resultant, resultanten - resultant [NEBB 212]
Richardsonextrapolation - Richardson's extrapolation
riktning, , riktningar - direction
riktningskoefficienten - slope
ett riktningsfält, riktningsfältet, riktningsfält - direction
field, slope field
en riktningsvektor - direction vector [NEBB 229]
riktingsvinkeln - angle measure; angle [NEBB 74]
rita - draw, as in draw a graph
en rot, roten, rötter - root, as in root of an equation
en rotationskropp, rotationskroppen, rotationskroppar - solid of revolution
en rotationsyta - surface of rotation
rotera - rotate
rymden - space (3)
rymdgeometri - solid geometry (However, a course which studied equations
of planes, spheres, and other such objects would be called analytic geometry.)
räknar - compute
räknelagen, räknelagar - rule for computation [NEBB 223, 225]
rät linje, räta linjer - straight line
rätblock, rätblocket, - rectangular parallelopiped
rätvinklig parallellopiped - rectangular parallelopiped
en rätvinklig triangel - right triangle
rätvinkliga projectionen - projection (perpendicular projection)
sannolikhet, sannolikheten, sannolikheter - probability
satisfierar - satisfy, as in the roots satisfy an equation
sats - theorem [NEBB 68, 83]; formula [NEBB 223]
sats, sats, satserna - line, as in line 20 of the computer program [NEBB
201]
sektorn - sector (of a circle)
en serie, serien, serier - (infinite) series
sidan, sidor - side, as in side of a triangle
sidoyta, , sidoytor - face, as in face of a cube
Simpsons formel - Simpson's rule
en simulering, simuleringen, - simulation ? [NEBB 197]
sinus - sine
sinussatsen - the law of sines
sista - last, as in the last term
självklart - self-evident. Swedish has a word which can be used
in a proof when the step is 'obvious' or 'clear!'
skalärprodukt, skalärprodukten - scalar product, inner product,
dot product [NEBB 224]
skär - intersect [NEBB 21, 26, 28, 230]
skärningslinjen - line of intersection
skärningspunkten - intersection point, point of intersection
slumpmässig, slumpmässigt, slumpmässiga - random [NEBB
198, where it is stated that this word actua lly means 'random']
ett slumptal - random number [NEBB 198]
slutet - closed, as in a closed interval
sned - oblique, as in oblique cone or oblique cylinder
snitt, snittet - intersection [NEBB 20]
ett specialfall, specialfallet - special case
spets, spetsen - vertex, particularly (informally) the tip. In English,
a pyramid, for example, may have many vertices but the tip is the vertex
opposite the base.
spetsen - head, as in the head of a vector; terminal point [NEBB 213]
spiralen - spiral
standardavvikelse, standardavvikelsen, - standard deviation
startvärdet - initial value
steg - steps
steglängd, steglängden, - step size
stegantalen - number of steps
en stokastisk variabel, , stokastiska variabler - random variable [NEBB
176]
storaxel, storaxeln - major axis, as in the major axis of an ellipse
en storcirkel - great circle (of a sphere)
största - biggest, largest
en substitution, substitutionen, - substitution
en subtraktion, , subtraktioner - subtraction
en summa, summan, summor - sum (noun); total [TU 18]
summationsindex - index of summation
att sumera, summerade - sum (verb)
att svara mot, svarar mot - correspond to [NEBB 67]
symmetriaxel, ,symmetriaxlar - axis of symmetry [NEBB 188, 238]
symmetricentrum - center of symmetry (point about which a figure is
symmetric) [NEBB 238]
säkra - certain, as in the sample space is a certain event [NEBB
49]
sätter - set (verb) [NEBB 107]
ett tal, talet, talen - number, as in the number e
en talföljd, talföljden, talföljder - sequence, as in
a sequence of numbers
tangens - tangent function
en tangent, tangenten, tangenter - tangent, as in a tangent
ett tangentplan - tangent plane
en tangentvektor - tangent vector
tangerar - tangent to (verb) [NEBB 237]
en term, termen, termer - term
terraspunkt, terrasspunkter - saddle point (in the one dimensional case,
at least, where the first and second derivatives are both zero.)
en tetraeder - tetrahedron
tomma mängden - the empty set
trapetsformeln - trapezoidal rule
tredimensionella - three dimensional, as a three dimensional vector
tredjegradsekvationer - third degree equations
en triangel, triangeln, trianglar - triangle
triangelolikheten - the triangle inequality [NEBB 73]
triangeltal - triangular numbers (1, 3, 6, 10, ...)
trigonometriska - trigonometric
ett träddiagram - tree diagram
tvådimensionella - two-dimensional, as a two dimensional vector
ty - since [NEBB 198]; that's because [NEBB 221]
tyngdpunkt - centroid, as in the centroid, where the medians intersect,
of a triangle [NEBB 219]
en täljare, täljaren, täljar - numerator? [NEBB 66, 98];
dividend [TU 22]
udda - odd, as in an odd integer
undre - lower, as in lower limit of integration
ungefär - about, approximately
unionen - union
uppgift - exercise, as in it is an easy exercise
uteslutande - mutually exclusive, as in mutually exclusive events
utfall, utfallet, utfall, utfallen - outcome
utfallsrum, utfallsrummet, - sample space
utgångspunkten - tail, as in the tail of a vector; initial point
[NEBB 213]
uttryck - expression, e.g. sin(x+)
valmöjligheter - possible values [NEBB 204]
en variabel, variabeln - variable
varians, variansen - variance, as in the variance of a random variable
en vektor, vektorn, vektorer - vector
vektorfunktioner - vector-valued function
villkor, villkoret, villkoren - conditions [NEBB 14, 132]
vinkel, vinkeln, vinklar - angle
vinkelhastighet - angular velocity [NEBB 242]
vinkelrät - right angle
vinkelräta - perpendicular
volym, volymen, volymer - volume
välbekant - well-known [NEBB 235]
välkänd - well-known. Usually used when the author does not
expect the reader to remember something, but doesn't want to bother with
a reference.
väntevärde, väntevärdet - mean, as in the mean of
a random variable
ett värde, värdet, värden - value, as in compute the
exact value
växande - increasing (growing)
x-axeln - the x-axis
xy-planet - the xy plane
y-axeln - the y-axis
en yta, ytan - surface
z-axeln - the z-axis
en zon - zone (see note for kalott)
ändlig - finite
ändligt många - finitely many
ändpunkt, ändpunkter - end point
öppet - open, as in an open interval
övre - upper, as in upper limit of integration
Phrases (mostly to illustrate
prepositions)
En ekvation av formen - an equation of the form
ett polynom av n:te graden - a polynomial of the nth degree
Beräkna areorna av de områden som begränsas av följande
- compute the areas of the regions bounded by the following
Om c>0 är den växander eller avtagande beroende
på om a>1 eller a<1 - if c>0 it is
increasing or decreasing depending on whether a>1 or a<1.
gränsvärdet A då x a om f(x)
- the limit A as x a when f(x). In both the
English and Swedish there is an arrow from x to a, which
in English is read "approaches."
en primitiv funktion till - an antiderivative of
sinus för mellanliggande vinkel - sine of the angle lying between
generalisering av - generalization of
Bestäm inflexionspunkterna till följande kurvor - find the
inflection points of the following curves
på kurvan finns det minst en punkt - there is at least one point
on the curve
tangenten till kurvan - the tangent to the curve
Bestäm f ur följande villkor - find f from the
following conditions
ett bättre närmevärde genom att sätta - a better
approximation by setting
tangenten i en punkt på kurvan - the tangent at a point on the
curve
tangenten till kurvan i punkten - the tangent to the curve at the point
växande i ett intervall - increasing on an interval
tre exempel på prismor - three examples of prisms
1 dividerat med 6 - 1 divided by 6
gubbe eller krona (gubben, gubbar) - heads or tails
är lika med - is equal to
för B då A inträffat - of B given A
definition av ez då z är ett komplext tal - definition
of ez when z is a complex number
skriv talet på formen - write the number in the form
visa att - show that [NEBB 79]
Antag att den komplexvärda funktionen f(x) uppfyller
följande två villkor - Find the complex-valued function f(x)
which satisfies the following two conditions [NEBB 80]
då t växer från - till - when t goes
from - to
approximerande polynomet av ordningen n till f(x)
i punkten x=0 - the polynomial approximation to f(x)
at the point x=0 of order n
Vi sätter n=3 i formel. - We set n=3 in the formula.
integration genom substitution - integration by substitution
rotera omkring x-axeln - rotate about the x-axis
är proportionell mot - is proportional to
insättning i ekvationen ger - substituting into the equation yields
[NEBB 139]
derivering med avssende på x - differentiate with respect
to x [NEBB 142]
linjen x=a till symmetriaxel - the line x=a
as an axis of symmetry [NEBB 188]
Två symmetriska tärningar kastas. - Two fair dice are thrown.
[NEBB 200]
multiplikation av en vektor med ett tal - scalar multiplication [NEBB
217]
I en parallellogram är alltså summan av kvadraterna på
diagonalerna like med summan av kvadraterna på de fyra sidorna. -
In a parallelogram the sums of the squares of the diagonals is equal to
the sums of the squares of the four sides. [NEBB 227]
insättning av t=1 ger x=-2 - substituting t=1
yields x=-2 [NEBB 230]
ett plan är fullt bestämt av - a plane is determined by [NEBB
232]
en cirkel med radien r - a circle of radius r [note the
lack of a definite article in English] [NEBB 242]
Uttrycken a+bi kallas komplexa tal. - The expression
a+bi is called a complex number. [NEBB 63]
Talet är fysiffrigt. - The number is a four digit number. [TU 9]
Notational Quirks
lg - log base 10
]2,3[ - (2,3) open interval
[F(x)]ab - F(x)|ab In both
English and Swedish the values a and b would be nicely lined up.
F() - limbF(b) You could not get away with writing F() in
my class!
n över k - This is how Swedes read our notation for
the number of combinations of n things taken k at a time.
[NEBB 170] We would say "n choose k."
10 N - 10 Newtons, a measure of force. This isn't really a quirk.
ex, ey, ez
- i, j, k
ab - ab the dot product of two vectors
Bibliography
[NEBB] Nyman, Emanuelsson, Bergman, and Bergström Studium matematik
NT3
[TU] Tegelström and Utbult Matematik på Svenska This
book was written to help those whose native language is not Swedish come
up to speed on Swedish math words for elementary mathematics. It includes
Spanish, Turkish, Finnish, Serbocroatian, Arabic, and Persian equivalents
of many Swedish math words, but not English.
Thomas Bengtson
Augustana College
Rock Island, IL 61201
mabengtson@augustana.edu
If you find mistakes or typographical errors, please let me know. There
are not many people who can proofread this!
February 2, 1997
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